Means for applying mortar to hollow bricks



July 20 1926. 1,593,495

K. E. w. JAGDMANN MEANS FOR APPLYING MORTAR TC HOLLOW BRICKS FiledJuhe 25', 1920 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Irz/vez vtols JfLLCEZIJa ME AWL-neg July 20, 1926. 1,593,495

K. E. W. JAGDMANN MEANS FOR APPLYING MORTAR T0 HOLLOW BRICKS Filed June 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 July 20 1926.

K. E. w. JAG DMANN MEANS FOR APPLYING MORTAR TO'HOLLOW BRICKS Filed June 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet J5 only at intervals.

Patented July 20, 1926.

UNITED STATES means PATENT OFFICE.

KARL ERIK WILHELM JAGDMANN, OF STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN.

MEANS FOR APPLYING MORTAR TO HOLLOW BRICKS.

Application filed June 25, 1920, Serial No. 391,738, and in Sweden August 2, 1918.

This invention relates to means for applying mortar to hollow bricks in an even and thin layer.

The known method of applying the mortar, when erecting walls and fioorings from hollow bricks, consisting in dipping the bricks into the mortar has proved to be very unsatisfactory, because of the joints not being entirely filled. In walls built up from ,hollow bricks by dipping the bricks into the mortar, the joints will not be tight owing to the mortar covering the joint surfaces The significance thereof with reference to the strength as well as to the insulation can easily be seen, and in case of fioorings of such a method is simply detrimental, since the whole joint surface of the bricks is required to resist the great stresses exerted on the bricks. The difliculties in this case are very great, since the joints, especially the vertical joints in floorings of said type, should be very thin in order to resist the enormous stresses arising on account of the tightening of the rows of bricks and the immediate removal of the scaffolding with out allowing the flooring to settle even in the slightest degree.

Attempts have been made to apply the mortar to hollow bricks by spreading the mortar by means of a pencil, but this has also resulted in an incomplete contact of the joint surfaces. To apply a great quantity of mortar to hollow bricks in walls or floor-- ings in the same manner as in case of common solid bricks is also inconvenient, since the surplus of the mortar in such case will flow down into the cavities of the bricks, all the more as relatively thin mortar must be used. 7

The object of this invention is to remove said inconveniences by spreading the mortar across the surface to be coated by means of an implement so constructed as to apply the mortar in a thin layer of uniform thickness only on the surfaces to be covered with mortar.

To obtain this result any implement may be used, preferably, however, such one consisting of a plane plate or the like provided at one or more edges with two or more projections or teeth.

Several embodiments of an implement adapted to carry the method into practice are illustrated in the accompanying drawing in which:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of an edge portion of the implement in its simplest form;

Figs. 2 and 3 are a side view and an end view respectively of a modified form thereof.

Fig. 4 is an end view of a third form of the implement in operative position;

Fig. 5 shows the implement alone viewed from above;

Fig. 6 is a section on line AB in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 shows a somewhat modified form.

Figs. 8 and 9 are sections on lines CD and EF respectively in Fig. 7;

Fig. 10 shows the implement in combination with a support or box for the brick;

Fig. 11 is a plan view of said support or box;

Fig. 12 is a section on line GH in Fig. 11

Referring to Fig. l, the implement or trowel 1 is provided at the edge with projections or teeth 1. When applying the mortar by means of said implement across the surface to be coated therewith even strips of mortar are formed which then, if the said surface is well watered, will flow together forming a thin joint of mortar of uniform thickness. Owing to the difficulty of maintaining the implement or trowel at constant angle to the surface of the brick, variations of the thickness of the layer of mortar result and the bricks consequently do not lie perfectly parallel. To overcome this objection the embodiment of teeth shown in Figs. 2 and 3 may be used with good result, the joint produced thereby being of uniform thickness regardless of the angle of inclination.

According to this embodiment the surface 2 of the teeth 1 bearing against the mortar is curved, preferably concentric with the edge of the implement, in order that the implement shall always be at the same distance from the surface to be coated regardless of the angle of inclination of the implement.

Since a complete connection of the several 'strips of mortar with one another so as to 'form a really compact oint takes rather long time being altogether unreliable in strong heat owing to the rapid drying of the mortar and moreover requires that the bricks be knocked together, for instance, by means of a wood mallet, the bricks thereby being easily broken, the number of teeth should preferably be reduced, for instance, to two teeth, one at each edge, the number of strips of mortar thereby being also reduced. The vacancies of mortar possibly arising at the outer sides of the bricks may in such case be filled from without.

Since, however, a few and small bearing surfaces on the implement are easily worn out by the sharp bricks, the teeth are preferably shaped as "extended runners 3 according to theembodiment shown in Figs. 4 to 6. It is true that said runners are not so eflicient as the round teeth shown in Figs. 2 and 3 in effecting a joint of mortar of uniform thickness regardless of the angle of inclination, but it will give instead thereof a good -guidance removing the difficulty of keeping the angle constant.

According to Figs. 4 to 6 the implement may be provided with one or more projections 4 guiding the implement and insuring its movement in a plane parallel to the face of the brick. According to the embodiment shown such a projection is provided only at the one side of the implement, which latter, however, may be provided with a similar projectionalso at the other side. Preferably such a projection is arranged at one side only, since otherwise the implement will easily catch the brick. 7

According to this embodiment the trowel is trough-shaped so as to be capable of containing'a sufli cient quantity of thin mortar. 5 is a common mortar trough. hen applying the mortar, the bricks are suitably placed, as shown in Fig. 4, the surplus of mortar falling back into the trough so as not to soil the surfaces not intended to re ceive the mortar. The grip of the trowel is designated at 6. The embodiment of the implement shown 1n F igs. 7 to 9 differs from that shown in F igs. 4 to 6 in that the runners 3 are disposed only at one side of the trowel and that the projections 4 are omitted.

In order that the brick when coated with the mortar shall be quite regular, that is to say, that its opposite surfaces shall be parallel and its angles right, even if the stone in itself be somewhat irregular, a device is provided" which is ad'apt'ed for use in connection with the implement or trowel. Said deylce may consist of a support for the br ck, said support being provided with guldes for guiding the brick, the upper edge of the guides projecting so far beyond the surface in question as corresponds to the thickness of the coating of mortar.

The said support consists according to the embodiment shown in Figs. 10 to 12 of a box 7 in which the brick 12 is placed and supported by supports 8. The upper edges of "the guides or guiding ribs 9 lie in a planea distance above the top of the brick corresponding to the thickness of the layer of mortar. Said guiding ribs may also be placed outside the box or on another level, provided that the trowel be constructed for that purpose. .The apparatus is preferably placed in relation to the mortar trowel as shown in Fig. 10, the surplus of the mortar falling down in the same. Preferably the apparatus is somewhat inclined; It may be made of wood or of iron or other material.

The cavity of the bricks is filled with a core 10, the upper edge of which is on a level with the guiding ribs 9, and by means thereof the mortalis prevented from falling down into the cavity. The guiding ribs 9 and the walls of the box 7 prevent the mortar from falling down onto the outer sides of the brick and soiling the same.

The apparatus shown in Figs. 10-12 is without movable parts, and the brick may be laid down directly into the box. If the bricks are very heavy or relatively high or if from other reasons it will be difficult to lay themdown into the box, either the supports 8 may be constructed so as to be able to be raised or lowered, the brick thereby being raised or lowered, or the box and the core may be raised and lowered in relation to the brick. The apparatus may also be slid onto or shut over the brick.

This apparatus affords among other things the advantage that it requires less skilfulness inuse, it being less difficult to apply the mortar on a top surface than on a more or less downwardly inclined surface.

The manner of operation of the implement will, it is thought, be easily understood from the above description and therefore further description is deemed unnecessary.

lVhat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:-

1. An implement for applying mortar comprising a plate adapted to be moved across the surface to be covered with mortar stantially, to the form ofthe surface to be coated, and means carried by and projecting from the working edge adapted to hold the said edge at a predetermined distance from said surface so as to produce, when moving the implement, a thin layer of mortar of uniform thickness throughout the surface to be covered with mortar.

2. An implement as set forth in claim 1, characterized by this that the surface of the teeth bearing against the mortar is curved, in order that the implement shall always be at the same distance from the surface to be coated regardless of the angle of inclination of the implement.

3. An implement for applying mortar comprising a plate adapted to be moved across the surfaceto be covered with mortar before laying a brick and having a working edge the form of which corresponds substantially, to the form of the surface to be coated, and teeth on said working edge adapted to bear on said surface and to hold said edge at a predetermined distance from said surface, said teeth being arranged to comb the mortar as it leaves the implement so as to produce, when moving the implement, a thin layer of mortar of uniform thickness throughout the surface to be covered with mortar.

4. An implement for applying mortar comprising a plate adapted to be moved across the surface to be covered with mortar before laying a brick and having an edge the form of which corresponds to the form of the surface to be coated, and teeth on said implement adapted to bear on said surface and to hold said edge at a predetermined distance from said surface, said teeth being curved and having the center of curvature approximately at the edge of the implement, so as to produce, when moving the implement, a thin layer of mortar of uniform thickness throughout the surface to be covered with mortar regardless of the angle of inclination of the implement.

5. An implement for applying mortar comprising a plate adapted to be moved across the surface to be covered with mortar before laying a brick and having a working edge the form of which corresponds to the form of the surface to be coated, and teeth on said working edge intermediate the ends thereof adapted to bear on said surface and to hold said edge at a predetermined dis tance from said surface, said teeth constituting runners adapted to produce, when moving the implement, a thin layer of mortar of uniform thickness throughout the surface to be covered with mortar.

6. An implement for applying mortar comprising a plate adapted to be moved across the surface to be covered with mortar before laying a brick and having an edge, the form of which corresponds, substantially, to the form of the surface to be coated, and means adapted to hold the said edge at a predetermined distance from said surface so as to produce, when moving the implement, a thin layer of mortar of uniform thickness throughout the surface to be covered with mortar, and brick engaging means carried by the plate for guiding the implement sideways and guiding the lateral movement thereof.

7. An implement for applying mortar comprising a plate adapted to be moved across the surface to be covered with mortar before laying a brick and having a working edge, the form of which corresponds, substantially, to the form of the surface to be coated, means carried by and projecting from the working edge adapted to hold the said edge at a predetermined distance from said surface so as to produce, when moving the implement, a thin. layer of mortar of uniform thickness throughout the surface to be covered with mortar, said implement forming a trough-shaped trowel adapted to contain a quantity of mortar, and means carried by a plate for limiting the lateral movement thereof during use.

8. An implement for applying mortar comprising a substantially trough-shaped element adapted to contain a quantity of mortar and adapted to be moved across the surface to be covered with mortar before laying a brick, said element including a working edge, and means carried by and projecting from the working edge adapted to hold the latter at a pre-determined distance from said surface so as to produce, when moving the implement, a thin layer of mortar of uniform thickness throughout the surface to be covered with mortar.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

KARL ERIK WILHELM JAGDMANN. 

